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EFFECTS OF MANURE REMOVAL STRATEGIES ON ODOR AND GAS EMISSION FROM SWINE FINISHING

Published by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan www.asabe.org

Citation:  Paper number  024123,  2002 ASAE Annual Meeting . (doi: 10.13031/2013.9382) @2002
Authors:   Teng-Teeh Lim, Albert J. Heber, Ji-Qin Ni, Dustin C. Kendall, Brian R. Richert
Keywords:   Odor and gas concentrations, manure removal strategy, manure dilution, flushing

Odor, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations and emission rates were measured in two small rooms of finishing pigs with different manure removal strategies. The strategies included daily flush, and static pits with 7-, 14-, and 42-d storage times with and without pit recharge. Tests were conducted with three successive groups of 25 pigs per room. Pigs were fed standard corn-soybean diets. Ammonia and H2S concentrations were automatically measured 15 to 24 times per day. Odor samples were collected and evaluated for odor concentration, intensity and hedonic tone by an odor panel, whose performance was verified with a reference odorant. Geometric mean odor emission rates were 19, 33, and 29 OUE s-1 AU-1 (OUE = European odor unit equivalent to 123 g n-butanol, AU = 500 kg live mass) for 1-d (daily flush), 7-d, and 14-d manure storage times without pit recharge, respectively, and 2.6 and 25 OUE s-1 AU-1 for 7- and 42-d manure storage times with pit recharge, respectively. Mean NH3 emission rates were 14, 23, and 22 g d-1 AU-1 for 1-, 7- and 14-d manure storage times without pit recharge and 5.7, 6.8 and 7.2 g d-1 AU-1 for 7-, 14-, and 42-d manure storage times with pit recharge, respectively. Mean H2S emission rates were 0.11, 0.23 and 0.37 g d-1 AU-1 for 1-, 7- and 14-d manure storage times without pit recharge and 0.08, 0.19 and 0.91 g d-1 AU-1 for 7-, 14-, and 42-d manure storage times with pit recharge, respectively. The H2S emission rate for the 1-d storage was 0.41g d-1 AU-1 as compared with 0.11 g d-1 AU-1 when including burst emissions during flushing. Sudden emissions during flushing are not expected to influence mean emissions as much in a typical finishing building. The highest mean emission rates were equivalent to 44 and 1,146 kg yr-1 for H2S and NH3 from a 1,000-head finishing house, respectively. The data showed that lower emission rates occur when pits are recharged after emptying, and when pits are emptied more frequently.

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