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Beyond the PTO: From a Low-Profile Battery-Electric Tractor to a Modular Field Energy-Extender Trailer for Ergonomics and Safety

Published by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan www.asabe.org

Citation:  2026 ASABE Annual International Meeting  2600318.(doi:10.13031/aim.202600318)
Authors:   Elisa Cioccolo, Dr, Massimo Cecchini, Dr, Mario Fargnoli, Dr, Davide Gattamelata, Dr, Eyerusalem Tesfay Gereziher, Pierluigi Rossi, Dr
Keywords:   CAN bus data; implement electrification; narrow-track tractor; rollover protective structure (ROPS); energy management; operator protection; tractor safety; vineyard mechanization.

Abstract. Rollover remains a leading cause of severe accidents in tractor operation, particularly in orchards and vineyards where dimensional constraints often lead to improper use of foldable rollover protective structures (FROPS). In addition, the conventional power take-off (PTO) represents a major entanglement hazard in tractor–implement systems. This study proposes a compact electrified narrow-track tractor architecture based on a fixed low-profile rollover protective structure (ROPS), designed to improve safety while maintaining usability under low-clearance conditions. The platform was developed through CAD-based ergonomic assessment and optimized component packaging, enabling a reduced center of mass and improved stability. The concept is complemented by a modular energy-extender trailer integrating interchangeable battery packs, deployable photovoltaic panels, and off-board electrical interfaces for powering implements. Analysis of real vineyard duty cycles reconstructed from CAN bus data generated from 1262 working hours highlights significant variability in energy demand across tasks, tractors, and seasons, supporting the need for a modular energy strategy rather than oversized onboard storage. The proposed system enhances safety by reducing reliance on foldable protective structures and eliminating PTO-related entanglement risks, while extending operational autonomy and enabling a gradual transition toward electrified implements in vineyard mechanization.

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