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In this study near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied as a new technology for biofluid analysis, milk quality assessment and biomonitoring of individual dairy cow as a backbone of a concept for dairy precision farming. Different approaches for unhomogenized milk analysis and milk composition measurement are presented. Models for mastitis diagnosis based on NIR spectra of raw composite milk and Log SCC as referent values was developed for in - line and at - line use, as well as models for MUN monitoring. Simultaneous acquisition of near infrared spectra of dairy cows biological fluids and consecutive data mining provided information for the cows physiological condition and for feeding management purposes, too. Statistically significant correlation between rumen juice spectra and cow milk composition was obtained for casein and fat content. The correlation between milk spectra and rumen juice composition was highest for propionic acid and ammoniac nitrogen content. Statistically significant was the correlation between milk spectra and blood urea nitrogen and albumin content of the blood plasma and between blood plasma spectra and casein content of the milk. This fact would enable better understanding of the interaction between different physiological processes in lactating cows. In a feeding trial, the result from milk spectral analysis done by neural network suggested what feed supplement has been fed to each cow in the second feeding trial after learning procedure has been performed in the first trial and protein supplements were changed in the second one. Cows milk has been considered as an output of respective living system where milk spectral monitoring reflects substantial changes with the inputs like feeding management. Simultaneous NIR spectral data acquisition of bio fluids for individual cow could allow in vivo analysis of physiological condition and feed back control to optimize dairy farm management.