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Abstract. Pollination is a key link in hybrid rice seed production. The pollination efficiency can be significantly improved through the method of pneumatic pollination under large-scale planting mode. In order to explore the effect of air velocity on pollen distribution in the process of pollination of hybrid rice and its better parameters，The self-made pneumatic pollination test platform was used to carry out field experiments and collect pollen. Based on the pollen distribution of single pollination, the objective functions of pollen quantity, variation rate and air velocity of each paternal plant row were established by response surface method. The multi-objective optimization of airflow velocity is carried out by genetic algorithm. The results showed that when the airflow acted on the paternal plant in single row, the propagation distance of pollen was short and the pollen accumulated near at low air flow velocity. The moderate increase of airflow velocity can promote the growth of pollen and reduce the variation rate. Due to the blocking effect of lateral paternal plants, the transmission of medial pollen is seriously limited. The pollen distribution under different airflow velocity combinations was obtained. When the airflow velocity range of the paternal plants in the first, second and third rows near maternal plants was 22.4-24m/s, 23.1-27m/s and 23.5-24.1m/s, respectively, pollination was sufficient and uniform. This study can provide a reference for the theory of pneumatic pollination and the optimization of working parameters under large-scale planting mode.