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Abstract. The large yellow croaker is a valuable economic fish, and is famous for its sensitivity to sound. In this paper, the large yellow croaker was chosen as the main research object. The propagation of sound waves in the large yellow croaker was studied, and the finite element model of the large yellow croaker was established. The large yellow croaker body was simplified into a two-axis symmetrical model, and the exterior was set as a perfect matching layer. Tensile tests were used to determine the Young's modulus of the skin and muscle tissue of the croaker, and its normalized relaxation function was determined by means of relaxation experiments. Based on the viscoelastic properties of the biomaterials of the skin and muscle tissue of the croaker, a constitutive equation was constructed. Without considering the role of the ultrasonic probe, the propagation characteristics and laws of ultrasonic waves in different fish bodies were studied in the time and frequency domains, respectively. The results showed that: without setting the viscoelasticity of the material, the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the body of the yellow croaker would not result in loss of energy consumption. After the viscoelasticity of the skin and muscle tissue of the fish was set, the energy density would change to varying degrees.