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Abstract. The study was a review of wood biomass usage in Nigeria and the resulting environmental consequences. Wood biomass is a source of energy derived by burning wood materials like logs and twigs and is common among the rural dwellers. It is the most common source of fuel. It is a free source of energy and locally available within the vicinity of users; although it is becoming scarce because, it is exploited without afforestation. Wood biomass can be used for commercial purposes in various forms as plywood, paper products, electric poles etc., and to produce some materials like fabrics, medicines, chemicals etc. It can be processed and used to produce fuel – bio fuels, charcoal etc. It is used in building houses and livestock structures. It also generates revenue and employment opportunities. The removal in energy subsidy has pushed the price of commercial fuels to outrageously high levels thus; many people have resorted to the use of wood biomass, which is relatively cheap compared to commercial fuels. This study revealed that about 80 million cubic metres, equivalent to 43.4 x 10⁹ kg (or 43.4 million tonnes) of fuel wood with an average daily consumption ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 kg of dry fuel wood per person is consumed in the country annually for cooking and domestic purposes. The challenges of the usage of wood biomass on the environment include; air pollution, deforestation, desertification, disease, global warming, economic losses, conflict, poverty, death. The possible solutions to the challenges include reduction of population growth, increasing per capita income, use of waste to generate fuel, increasing the standard of management of forest, improve the information base and system monitoring wood biomass, strengthening government and non-government institutions and policies on wood biomass management, creating awareness campaign on afforestation and wood biomass conservation.