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Abstract. This paper uses SV evidence from Simple Logger ^TM electrical recordings, Fluke 867 ^TM oscilloscope recordings, a Harmonics cow contact video recording, and Transient Shock verses Milk Production data. An 18 acre voltage circle map shows large scale SV flow patterns. Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) records, secondary grounding events and primary neutral isolation equipment installations are time correlated with on two neighboring farms DHIA records to show that SV has a milk production glass ceiling effect.

*Stray Voltage is a misleading term because the primary electric distribution solidly grounded wye system is engineered, operated and maintained to normally use the earth as a full time conductor, not an occasional “stray” voltage. “Voltage” in Stray Voltage is also misleading because electric “current” is more dangerous than voltage. For this paper, “Stray Voltage” not only includes, Neutral to Earth Stray Voltage (NSV), but also includes airborne Harmonics Stray Voltage (HSV) and Transient Shock Stray Voltage (TSV).

** dairy herd management practices such as; 1) adequate and nutritious feed, 2) regular herd veterinary checks, 3) proper vaccinations, 4) regularly cleaned housing and dry bedding facilities, 5) properly tuned and maintained milking system, 6) humane cattle handling procedures, 7) routine hoof trimming, 8) use of herd mating service and artificial insemination, 9) calving assistance, 10) prompt use of medicine or special housing if needed, and 11) culling based on health and production.