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Abstract. Cotton is an important economic crop in Xinjiang, the broad area located in southwest of China. Improving cotton seeds quality is of great significance to cotton production in Xinjiang, the demanding of high germination rate of cotton seeds is getting , along with the popularization of precision sowing techniques. A method based on machine vision combined with image processing is proposed in this paper. In order to remove crashed and red cotton seeds and then to screen out high quality cotton seeds, the images of differet quality cotton seeds are adapted by area array CCD camera, and the color and morphological characteristics of cotton seeds are extracted by image processing algorithms such as binarization and mean filter. After test analysis, the recognition accuracy of cotton seeds is greater than 87%.