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Abstract：Agriculture occupies an important position in our national economy and raising the level of agricultural mechanization of agricultural production can reduce labor intensity. Research and development of agricultural robot at home and abroad are to further improve the agricultural production efficiency and automation level. According to the difference of agricultural robot and traditional industrial robots, the paper summarizes the agricultural robot‘s special aspects, which include working object, working environment, action and operator etc. Further study summarized the main results of the present study of agricultural robot at home and abroad. According to the structural characteristics of agricultural robot, the robots are divided into a series of walking robot and manipulator robot. On the basis of this research, this paper further puts forward the key technology in the development process of agricultural robot , which mainly comprises a machine vision and image processing technology , target detection and location technology , autonomous navigation and path planning technology , information fusion technology and intelligent control technology. In the mean time, the key technology research decides the development direction of agricultural robot. Basing on the lack of agricultural robot in the present research, this paper further puts forward the bottleneck which needs to break through in the future development process of agricultural robot, mainly including intelligent recognition and positioning, the robot's versatility, structure optimization design. These aspects make agricultural robot in domestic applications more widely, improve the efficiency of agricultural production and promote the development of agriculture in our country..