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In the regions short of water, the adjustment of cropping structure is also an important measure to save water in agriculture besides water-saving irrigation techniques and cultivation techniques. This paper describes a method of water saving and high efficient water usage by adjusting the different crop water requirements. Based on the matching degree between water requirement at different crop-growing stages, the regional precipitation, and 3S (GIS, GPS and Remote Sensing) technologies, a planting structure optimization model with multiple objectives such as water saving and economic and ecological benefits in the irrigated area was established. Using the Wuquan Irrigation District in Baojixia as an example, the model was optimized with Ant Colony Algorithm. There are two plans. Plan A is for balancing development and Plan B is for enlarging economic crops. The total water requirements for irrigation district of Plan A and Plan B is respectively 85.4% and 83.4% of the present status. The net income of Plan A is lower by 5.4% and the Plan B is higher by 7.1% than design level years. Meanwhile the income of Plan A is lower by 5.9% and the Plan B is higher by 7.3% than in drought years. The coupling degree of precipitation of Plan A and Plan B is respectively higher 12.6% and 15.6% than level years while higher by 17.5% and 28.6% than drought years. The comparison between the two plans of controlled optimization shows that the second one is the better readjustment plan because, without changing the planting area, the structure optimization helps not only maintain the sustainable development of the environment but also improve the economic income dramatically.