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Recently, torrefaction process has been focus of research to transform wood into an energy dense coal-like solid fuel. This paper presents thermo-chemical (torrefaction and pyrolysis) decomposition behavior of hardwoods physical components (bark, sapwood and heartwood) and chemical component (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Four hardwood species, namely, red oak and yellow-poplar were separated into its bark, sapwood and heartwood components. The wood components were dried and ground to less than 1 mm particle size. The ground samples were tested for calorific value, specific gravity, ultimate analysis, and thermo-chemical decomposition behavior. In addition, thermo-chemical decomposition behavior of cellulose, xylan, and kraft lignin was also tested.