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In this paper, performance test on a type of horizontal single cylinder ZH1125 diesel engine was carried out on a test bench at engine lab of China Agricultural University (CAU). The ZH1125 diesel engine was tested at variable load and at 2200 rpm. During the test, the values of the different parameters, namely, load, rpm, fuel consumption, exhaust temperature, room dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures and lubricating oil temperature were recorded. The information thus obtained was used to compute the performance parameters. On the basis of mathematic model of engine performance, by means of Matlabs high data processing on matrix operation, 3D graphics drawing, and so on, the test data of engine performance were fit with the curve and camber. Additionally, the external characteristic curve and universal characteristic curve were drawn and analyzed.