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Agricultural data are transmitted by the wireless sensor networks and stored in data server to provide data mining and decision support for users, the utilization of farmland sensor networks could facilitate the excellent growth of crops and sustainable development. Error control is a key issue for reliable transmission in farmland sensor networks where the error is more frequently appeared for its large scale. This paper presents an adaptive error control model and an algorithm that are designed for farmland sensor networks based on their special error reasons in farmland sensor networks, designs the mechanisms of hierarchical error control, hierarchical storage and restore policy. The model can select adaptively error control policies according to data characteristic and error control effect of farmland wireless sensor networks to insure data integrity and reliability.