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Microwave vacuum drying of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite) was carried out in order to develop a mathematical model. The thin-layer drying model of Dioscorea opposite was established from the experimental data by analyzing the relationship between moisture ratio and drying time. The results indicated that the change of the moisture ratio with time appeared linear when the moisture content of materials was higher than 50% in microwave vacuum drying. Verification of the established model was made with comparison of experimental and calculated values. It could be concluded that the model is applicable for describing and predicting the moisture change of Chinese yam in microwave vacuum drying process.