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According to the actual situation of potato planting in china, a new type of vibrating potato excavator was designed. It is mainly consisted of frames, eccentric shaft, cross axis articulated device, digging shovel, deep restricted wheel and other connectivity devices which is used by partiality to realize back-and-forth vibration. The basic structure and the working principle are expounded here. The critical components were designed based on the calculation. The width of digging shovel and soil part device were both designed to adjustable and self-adaptable for different field conditions.