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The use of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and sewage biosolids as soil amendments for marginal lands is part of a sustainable and holistic strategy for biofuel production. This strategy has the potential to improve soil quality and increase crop yields while utilizing industrial and municipal wastes. Growing biofuel crops, such as Miscanthus, on marginal lands allows the highest quality land to be reserved for the sector in which it is most needed: food production. Biosolids, nutrient-rich organic byproducts of wastewater treatment, and FGD gypsum, waste by-products produced in coal-fired power plants, can be used to combat the problems associated with growing crops on marginal lands, including low fertility and high acidity.