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The objective of this research was to determine the concentrations of water in ethanol and emulsified diesel fuels using low intensity ultrasound. Binary liquid mixtures containing ethanol-water, and ternary mixtures containing water, diesel fuel and surfactant were prepared. Low intensity ultrasound was applied to the liquid mixtures and the signals captured from the ultrasound transducer were analyzed to obtain the speed of the propagating waves in liquids. A feed forward back propagation neural network algorithm was used for the measurement of water concentration in ethanol. Validation experiments showed that water concentration in ethanol-water mixtures can be determined from the ultrasound speed and liquid temperature with a standard error of prediction of 8.6% with the neural network model. A second method based on adiabatic compressibility of fluids was used to determine the concentration of water concentration in diesel fuel emulsions. The model based on the compressibility provided a mean absolute error of 1.3% for predicting the water concentration in diesel fuel emulsions. Ultrasound speed and temperature measurements provides a non-destructive method to assess the concentration of water in ethanol and diesel fuel emulsions.