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Soil erosion by water discharge in Korea may have been mainly caused by not only landform features of the mountainous terrain and climatic conditions involving heavy rainfalls, but also by poor structure of anthropogenic soils. This study aims to estimate soil erosion and sediment redistribution through eluviation and illuviation of geochemically active heavy metals in Ferrasols, Fluvisols, Cambisols, Acrisols and Arenosols in Korea. Soils were sampled in six regions of the Republic of Korea (Figure a), and samples were analyzed for copper, lead, zinc, and nickel contents. Soil erosion and sediment redistribution on hillslopes show that migration and diffusion of the heavy metals in the soils are effective tracers for sediment redistribution, and reveal the peculiar features on geochemical processes due to climate-topographic conditions and soil properties. Mobility of the heavy metals in the soils implies severely vulnerable soils on summit slopes to erosion by overland flow and sediment redistributions on footslopes. Along the hillslopes, the lateral sediment redistributions are intensely indicated from Vertisol to Luvisol and from Lithosol to Acrisol, where eluviation and illuviation of the heavy metals from surface horizon to subsurface horizons in the soils are significantly impacted. The vertical and lateral redistributions of the soil particles in Luvisols and Acrisols show the feeble soil structures and/or susceptibility to erosion in Vertisols and Lithosols.