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Forest roads have clearly been identified in forest management as potential risk areas in regards to soil erosion and storm runoff. Previous research, particularly in Appalachian watersheds, has reported the impact of roads on forest resources, the influence of alternative surfacing, and emphasized the importance of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in road design. It has been recognized that implementing effective forest road BMPs is likely the key to reducing water quality impacts of roads in forest watersheds. Data are limited related to implementation and effectiveness of forest road BMPs in the Appalachian and most other watersheds in the South. Guidelines relating to filter strip widths, riparian management zones (RMZs), and routing structures (water bars and turnouts) need further examination to ensure the application of sustainable practices. It is recognized that controlling sediment export from forest roads and minimizing risks associated with delivery of sediments to streams may require alternative mitigation practices. Alternative sediment control structures and practices need to be developed and evaluated in order to gain a better understanding of their effectiveness.