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Vegetative Environmental Buffers for Reducing Downwind Odor and VOCs from Tunnel-Ventilated Swine Barns

Published by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan www.asabe.org

Citation:  2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7-10, 2011  1110791.(doi:10.13031/2013.37312)
Authors:   David B Parker, G W Malone, W D Walter
Keywords:   odor, swine, manure, shelterbelt, windbreak, VEB, tree buffer, olfactometer, volatile organic compounds, agriculture

Scientists have investigated methods for reducing odor emissions from livestock buildings for decades, yet few technologies have proven effective. Vegetative Environmental Buffers (VEB), which are specially designed combinations of trees, shrubs and grasses, have shown promise in recent years for reducing odors at poultry operations, but have seen less testing at swine farms. A field research project was conducted at two similar 8-barn swine finisher sites in Missouri to assess the effectiveness of VEBs for reducing downwind odor impacts from tunnel-ventilated swine barns. VEBs and fan plume deflectors were installed in spring 2009 at one 8-barn site, and the other site served as the control. Odor was monitored from July-Nov 2009, with trained human panelists at eight locations, upwind and downwind of the VEB, barns, and lagoons. Five aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs: phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, skatole) were sampled from ambient air using sorbent tubes and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. As compared to the control site, the VEB reduced odor concentrations (Dilutions to Threshold, D/T) by 49.1% in the VEB and 66.3% at distance 15 m downwind of the VEB (p<0.001). There was a larger percentage of non-detect odor concentrations (D/T<2) at 15 m downwind for the VEB site (57.6%) as compared to the control site (16.4%). Mean upwind odor concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 2.4 D/T. Mean odor concentrations at the 300 m downwind location were 2.3 and 2.5 D/T for the control and VEB site (p=0.47). In late 2010, a laboratory wind tunnel was used to compare VOC flux from VEB vegetation samples before and after rinsing. Wind tunnel VOC fluxes from vegetation were 78 to 98% lower after rinsing, qualitatively showing that particulate matter (PM) captured on the vegetation reduces odor emissions. The results of these field and laboratory experiments confirm that VEBs reduce downwind odor by increasing dilution and capturing odorous PM in the vegetation.

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