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Introductory paragraph: A member subjected to a twisting moment about its longitudinal axis is in a state of torsion. Torsion members are straight and are used to transfer power through a rotary motion or to resist loads that produce twisting moments. A member in pure torsion has a twisting moment applied at each end and is not subjected to any transverse or axial loads. This type of loading seldom occurs in practice. The more common situation is the combination of transverse and torsion loads that occurs in belt or chain drives and in the members that form a plane grid. The transverse loads induce internal shear forces and bending moments. The combined loading analysis uses the same section properties and stress calculations that occur in the pure torsion problems. It is appropriate that we begin with a discussion of the design of torsion members subjected only to twisting moments about the x axis before discussing the design of members subjected to bending and torsion.