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Introductory paragraph: This is the first of three chapters that discusses the design of members subjected to combined loads. This chapter covers the design for axial tension or axial compression combined with bending, a combination of that occurs in plane frames and all lifting devices that lie in the x-y plane. The next chapter discusses the combined loads of torsion and bending that occur in plane grids. The structural frames in many trailer-type devices are designed as plane grids. The third chapter in this group, Chapter 12, discusses the design of welded joints subjected to combined loads. Many of the members in a plane frame or a plane grid are welded together using butt welds while many of the support connections are formed using fillet welds. The design of the structural components is not complete until the length and size of the fillet welds have been specified. In some situations, the size of the members must be changed to increase the length of a weld. The members in a plane frame and a plane grid have rigid joints and are statically indeterminate. Since plane frames and grids are seldom discussed in the mechanical design books, a part of our coverage deals with how to check the information obtained from a structural analysis.