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Characterization of Dairy-Derived Biogas and Biogas Processing

Published by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan www.asabe.org

Citation:  Paper number  064177,  2006 ASAE Annual Meeting . (doi: 10.13031/2013.21160) @2006
Authors:   Norman R. Scott, Steven Zicari, Kelly Saikkonen, Kimberly Bothi
Keywords:   dairy manure-derived biogas, biogas composition, biogas cleanup, hydrogen sulfide removal, injection of biogas to natural gas pipeline

Anaerobic digestion offers an effective way to manage dairy manure by addressing the principal problems of odor and environmental control while offering an opportunity to create energy from conversion of biogas with a system of combined heat and power (CHP). The use of biogas as an energy source has numerous applications. However, all of the possible applications require knowledge about the composition and quantity of constituents in the biogas stream. This study provides data on composition of anaerobic digestion biogas (ADG) over time (hourly, daily, weekly and year), results from the use of dairy-manure compost as a biofilter to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and an assessment of the feasibility of injecting ADG into the natural gas pieline.

Results agrree well with often quoted generalized concentrations of 60% CH4, 40% CO2 and 600 BTU/ ft3 for dairy-derived biogas. Also shown, depending on additives to the dairy manure and quality of farm water supply, H2S concentrations can vary substantially from less than 1000 ppm to well over 6000 ppm. Utilization of cow-manure compost for removal of H2S from AD biogas, using small-scale reactors, was studied and shows promise.. A technical and economic assessment of processing of biogas for injection to the natural gas pipeline, while dependent on biogas quantity, price for processed biogas, proximity to the natural gas pipeline and the interest rate, suggests that a real possibility exists for injecting biogas into the natural gas pipeline dependent, of course, on the values of the parameters indicated.

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