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Soil compaction causes yield reductions for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growers in Arkansas. This research investigated the effect of soil compaction on canopy spectral reflectance, soil electrical conductivity (EC) and cotton yield. Field experiments conducted in 2003 and 2004 included completely randomized block design with four soil compaction levels: no subsoiling (Control); chiseled, disked and bedded (conventional); chiseled and compacted (by running a tractor and back hoe over the plot); and compacted with no subsoiling (by running a tractor and back-hoe 4 times over the plot). Green NDVI derived from canopy reflectance measured at ground level with spectroradiometers during growing seasons was regressed on soil compactions at 10.60, 12.70 and 15.24-cm depths, EC, and yield. Fischers least significant difference analysis showed significant difference on soil compaction and soil EC corresponding to compaction treatments in 2004. The effect of compaction treatments on plant spectral response was significant in Green NDVI on September 16 in 2003 and September 23 in 2004. In 2003, soil compaction at 15.24-cm depth had significant effect on cotton yield (R2 =0.53 at p<0.05) and soil compaction at a 12.7-cm depth had significant effect on soil EC (R2 =0.43 at p<0.1). The wavebands identified as most responsive to soil compaction varied from near infrared bands in August to red edge, red and green bands towards October when the crop was senescing.