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The major objective of this paper is to explore the effect of initiation and operation of an internal circulation (IC) reactor under two conditions, i.e., no heating preservation and 35C heating preservation, and the related operation parameters on treating swine wastewater. The valid volume of the IC reactor is about 100 liters. Temperature, COD, pH, NH4 +-N, TKN and TP within the reactor were measured. The results showed that the performance of the IC reactor is significantly dependant upon temperature. The internal circulation of the IC could not occur if there was no heating and insulation of the reactor after 85 days operation, but it could occur 23 days after initiation and in continuous operation under 35C heating preservation. At 35C and in a certain range of loading, increasing the VLR was conducive to internal circulation. The effect of circulation was best when the VLR was 5.73kgCOD/(m3.d). It could treat wastewater with influent COD concentration ranging from 4976 mg/L to 18086 mg/L with a removal rate of 72.46%.