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Florida harvests 95% of its 245,000 ha of oranges for processing into juice. Until recently, all fruit were hand harvested. The supply of workers is decreasing and harvest cost is increasing. Harvest cost must be reduced about 50% to effectively compete in free-trade markets. The Florida growers are funding a Harvesting Program to develop new harvesting technologies. Eight mechanical harvesting systems that are emerging for commercial use are described. About 6,000 ha were mechanically harvested during the 2001-2002 season, and the total should increase every year.