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Cataclysmic earthquakes have repeatedly shattered the alluvial landforms about the Missouri Bootheel, the most recent being the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. During these immense earthquakes, the surface split spewing sands, sulfuric steam, and charcoal. The volcanic-like venting left sand craters pockmarking the surface over millions of acres, with sand-filled vents permanently embedded between the subsurface and surface. Sand vents and fissures now serve as rapid water-transport channels extending from just beneath the surface directly into the water table, draining surface water much like sink holes and abandoned wells.